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- 1Each course of treatment therefore acts as a form of selection, removing susceptible bacteria and leaving the resistant ones to multiply. The more often a drug is used, the faster this process tends to occur.
- 2Antibiotics transformed medicine in the twentieth century, turning once-deadly infections into conditions that could usually be cured within days. For several decades, doctors assumed that this advantage would last indefinitely.
- 3Scientists are also searching for new classes of drug, but development is slow and costly, so careful use of existing treatments remains the most practical way to protect their effectiveness.
- 4For this reason, health authorities now urge doctors to prescribe antibiotics only when they are clearly needed, and to ask patients to follow the instructions they are given.
- 5That assumption proved mistaken. Bacteria reproduce so quickly that any individual carrying a chance mutation allowing it to survive a drug will soon be surrounded by many descendants sharing the same trait.
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